In gas-solid adsorption, the Langmuir isotherm assumes:
For simultaneous diffusion and reaction (fast reaction regime) in a porous catalyst, the effectiveness factor η approaches:
In hollow fiber membrane contactors for gas absorption, the advantage over conventional columns is:
The correlation for mass transfer coefficient in agitated vessels (Harriott equation) is k_L·a ∝:
For a multicomponent gas mixture undergoing absorption with selective removal, the flux of component i is affected by:
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The flux N_A for component A diffusing through stagnant B can be expressed using:
In a packed column used for gas absorption, the NTU (Number of Transfer Units) approach is preferred over HTU when:
The effective diffusivity in porous solids is given by the Knudsen diffusion model when:
In evaporative cooling, the heat and mass transfer are coupled. The Lewis number (Le) relationship between them is:
For a gas diffusing into a liquid droplet, the internal circulation (if present) causes:
In industrial scale-up of absorption columns, the L/G ratio (liquid to gas ratio) is adjusted to:
For membrane distillation with a hydrophobic membrane, the mass transfer resistance in the gas phase across the membrane pores is overcome by:
