NEET Botany — MCQ Practice Questions & Answers

Question 1

Which of the following crops is NOT approved for cultivation as Bt transgenic in India?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: D. Bt Rice — As of 2024-25, only Bt Cotton is commercially cultivated in India. Bt Brinjal has regulatory issues, and Bt Rice/Maize are not approved yet.

Answer

A. Bt Cotton

Answer

B. Bt Brinjal

Answer

C. Bt Maize

Question 2

Which method of plant genetic engineering does not require a vector?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: D. A and C both — Both microprojectile bombardment (gene gun) and electroporation are direct DNA delivery methods that don't require a biological vector.

Answer

A. Microprojectile bombardment

Answer

B. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Answer

C. Electroporation

Question 3

Golden Rice is transgenic rice enriched with which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: C. Beta-carotene (Vitamin A precursor) — Golden Rice contains genes for beta-carotene production, making it rich in Vitamin A, addressing nutritional deficiency in rice-consuming populations.

Answer

A. Iron

Answer

B. Calcium

Answer

D. Vitamin C

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of callus tissue in plant biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Source for regenerating whole plants — Callus is undifferentiated plant tissue used in micropropagation and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis.

Answer

A. Energy production

Answer

C. Hormone synthesis

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D. Nutrient storage

Question 5

Which hormone ratio favors shoot formation in plant tissue culture?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Low auxin : high cytokinin — A low auxin to high cytokinin ratio promotes shoot formation, while the opposite (high auxin : low cytokinin) promotes root formation.

Answer

A. High auxin : low cytokinin

Answer

C. Equal ratio of both

Answer

D. High gibberellin concentration

Question 6

Which of the following is a somaclone?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. A plant obtained through tissue culture from a single parent — Somaclones are plants regenerated from somatic cells via tissue culture, genetically identical to the parent plant unless mutations occur.

Answer

A. A plant derived from sexual reproduction

Answer

C. A hybrid plant variety

Answer

D. A polyploid plant

Question 7

What is the significance of the T-DNA in Agrobacterium tumefaciens?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. It is the DNA segment transferred into plant cells — T-DNA (Transfer DNA) is the specific segment of the Ti plasmid that integrates into the plant genome during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

Answer

A. It codes for bacterial growth

Answer

C. It synthesizes plant hormones

Answer

D. It provides antibiotic resistance to bacteria

Question 8

What is a marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Selection of plants using DNA markers linked to desired traits — MAS uses molecular markers (DNA sequences) to identify and select plants carrying desired genes without waiting for phenotypic expression.

Answer

A. Visual selection of plants based on phenotype

Answer

C. Random selection of plants

Answer

D. Selection based on plant height

NEET Botany - MCQ Practice Questions