NEET Botany — MCQ Practice Questions & Answers

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: A. Solar radiation — Solar radiation is the ultimate source of energy for all ecosystems. Plants capture this energy through photosynthesis, which forms the base of all food chains.

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B. Geothermal energy

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C. Chemical energy from soil

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D. Tidal energy

Question 2

What is the approximate percentage of solar energy fixed by plants during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: A. 1-5% — Only 1-5% of incident solar radiation is actually fixed by plants through photosynthesis. The rest is either reflected or absorbed as heat.

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B. 10-15%

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C. 20-25%

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D. 50-60%

Question 3

The 10% law of energy transfer in an ecosystem states that only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level. What happens to the remaining 90%?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. It is lost through respiration, heat, and decomposition — The remaining 90% energy is lost through cellular respiration, heat dissipation, and decomposition processes at each trophic level, which is why ecosystems have fewer organisms at higher trophic levels.

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A. It is stored in the ecosystem permanently

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C. It is converted to chemical energy

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D. It returns to the sun

Question 4

Which type of succession occurs on bare rock or newly formed volcanic islands?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Primary succession — Primary succession occurs on areas with no pre-existing soil, such as bare rock or new volcanic islands. Pioneer species like lichens initiate the process.

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A. Secondary succession

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C. Tertiary succession

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D. Cyclic succession

Question 5

Which organism is considered a pioneer species in primary succession?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. Lichens — Lichens are classic pioneer species in primary succession as they can colonize bare rock, secrete acids to break it down, and create conditions for soil formation.

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A. Oak trees

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C. Grasses

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D. Shrubs

Question 6

The concept of 'ecological niche' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. The specific role and position of an organism in its environment, including its habitat and function — An ecological niche encompasses the organism's habitat, food, behavior, and role in the ecosystem - essentially its complete functional position in the environment.

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A. The geographical area where an organism lives

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C. Only the food preferences of an organism

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D. The number of individuals of a species in an area

Question 7

Which of the following biomes receives the least amount of rainfall annually?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: C. Desert — Deserts receive less than 25 cm (10 inches) of rainfall annually, making them the driest biomes on Earth.

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A. Tropical rainforest

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B. Temperate grassland

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D. Taiga

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of r-selected species?

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: B. High reproductive rate and short generation time — r-selected species (like rabbits and insects) have high reproductive rates, short generation times, and invest little in individual offspring care, prioritizing quantity over quality.

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A. Long gestation period and high parental care

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C. Large body size and low mortality rate

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D. Stable population and resource conservation

NEET Botany - MCQ Practice Questions